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Easy: Expand with a number and a variable
A rectangle a wide and x + b long can be split into two parts: one a by x and one a by b. Its area is a(x + b) as a product, or ax + ab as a sum of the parts, so a(x + b) = ax + ab. Read backwards, the model factors a sum: the common side is a common factor.
Use the area model to write equivalent expressions.
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The whole rectangle's area is width × length, a(x + b). The two parts have areas ax and ab. Both describe the same rectangle, so a(x + b) = ax + ab.
Find the greatest common factor, 6, and make it the shared side. The other sides are 12x ÷ 6 = 2x and 18 ÷ 6 = 3, so 12x + 18 = 6(2x + 3).
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